Development of Teaching Materials in the Form of Flipbook E-Modules Based on the Local Potential of Macroalgae and Crabs on the Long Sand Beach of Lekok in the Ecosystem Material for Grade 1st Senior High School Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbentuk E-Modul Flipbook Berbasis Potensi Lokal Makroalga dan Kepiting Pantai Pasir Panjang Lekok pada Materi Ekosistem Kelas X Tingkat SMA
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Abstract
This research was motivated by field findings indicating that biology learning on ecosystem topics is still largely dominated by lecture methods, with teaching materials limited to textbooks. Such conditions tend to make students passive and hinder their ability to understand concepts within a real-world context. In fact, the school’s surrounding environment offers rich local potential that can be integrated into learning resources, such as the presence of macroalgae and crabs at Pasir Panjang Beach, Lekok. Addressing this gap, the present study aimed to develop an e-module flipbook based on local potential and to evaluate its validity as well as student responses. The study employed a Research and Development approach using the 4D model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages, though this research was limited to the Develop stage. Research instruments included a needs questionnaire, student questionnaire, expert validation sheets, and a student response questionnaire. Product validation was carried out by two biology education lecturers as subject matter experts and one biology education lecturer as a media expert. The validation results indicated that subject matter experts provided an average score of 93%, categorized as highly valid, while the media expert provided 91%, also categorized as highly valid. A limited trial with 20 students 1st of SMAT Bumi Darun Najah Lekok produced an average response score of 88%, categorized as very good. These findings demonstrate that the developed flipbook e-module is valid, practical, and suitable for use as supplementary teaching material in ecosystem learning at the senior high school level.