Improving Biology Cognitive Learning Outcomes Through Problem Based Learning: A Classroom Action Research in Grade 10 Students of SMA Negeri 1 Pandaan Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Biologi Melalui Model Problem Based Learning: Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Pada Siswa Kelas X-H SMA Negeri 1 Pandaan

Abstract

This study aims to improve biology cognitive learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in Grade 10 students (Class X-H) of SMA Negeri 1 Pandaan during the 2023/2024 academic year. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design consisting of two cycles, each comprising four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study involved 37 students (21 female and 16 male) as subjects. Data were collected through documentation, post-tests (10 multiple-choice items per cycle), and learning activity observation sheets. The success indicator was set at a minimum class mastery rate of 78% (≥29 of 37 students achieving the Minimum Completion Criterion/KKM of 78). Pre-intervention data revealed that only 45% of students (n=17) achieved the KKM threshold. Following Cycle I implementation on the topic of Biodiversity Levels, the mastery rate remained at 45% (n=17), indicating the need for instructional refinement. After implementing targeted improvements in Cycle II  focused on Biodiversity Distribution, Conservation, and Benefits  the mastery rate increased significantly to 81% (n=30), surpassing the 78% success indicator. These results demonstrate that the PBL model effectively enhances students' cognitive learning outcomes in biology, particularly on the topic of Biodiversity. The data analysis technique used was comparative descriptive analysis.